Crosstalk between hypoxia and inflammation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Tumor hypoxia is a well-known biological circumstance that has an impact on cancer growth and metastasis. This phenomenon is associated with poor patient outcomes, particularly in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. As the tumor mass grows, aggressive lymphoid malignancies necessitate a constant increase in perfusion, activating the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha. HIF-1 alpha is an important regulator widely discussed in various studies and pathological states that influence the expression of several genes through transcriptional regulation, including metabolism/respiration, cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and others that may favor tumor growth. Tumor hypoxia also induces the expression of other important regulators, such as microRNA-210 (miR-210) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-Kappa B), which propagate the tumorigenesis process. This article reviewed the molecular mechanisms of how HIF-1 alpha correlates with NF-Kappa B and other factors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients.