On the theoretical foundation of corporate finance

Modigliani and Miller theory forms the theoretical foundation of corporate finance. Yet Modigliani and Miller theory was derived from a very special case of cash flows. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), which is part of the Modigliani and Miller theory, plays a fundamental role in capital struc-ture decision and asset valuation. Empirically, asset valuation calculated from cash flows discounted by WACC almost always differs from the sum of debt and equity values. We derive asset valuations for more general cashflows. Only when the debt equity ratio is constant over time, valuation by WACC is equal to the sum of debt and equity values. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.