RETRACTED: Optimal performance of fuel cell-CHP-battery based micro-grid under real-time energy management: An epsilon constraint method and fuzzy satisfying approach (Retracted article. See vol. 172, pg. 1329, 2019)

In this paper, the short-term scheduling of fuel cell and combined heat and power based microgrid by considering cost and emission minimization and different demand response program, as a multi objective microgrid dispatch problem, is studied. In order to reduce operational cost, time of-use and real time pricing demand response programs have been modeled, and the effects of these programs on the load profile have been discussed. The Pareto solutions in multi objective model are generated by using the e-constraint method which transforms the multi-objective optimization problem into a single objective problem and the optimal solution has been chosen by implementing fuzzy satisfying approach. The microgrid contains a fuel cell unit, two combined heat and power generation units, power-only unit, boiler, battery storage system, and heat buffer tank. The application of the proposed method is investigated and three cases have been studied. The first case is solved without considering demand response programs. In other two cases time-of-use rate demand response and real time pricing demand response are considered respectively and the impact of demand response programs on microgrid scheduling is discussed. To model the proposed cost-emission operation scheduling of microgrid a mixed-integer linear program is used and solved by GAMS software. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.