Preschoolers' and adults' attributions of who causes interpersonal events

Adults and 4-year-olds explained who caused prosocial or antisocial interactions between two characters who differed in two dimensions that underlie interpersonal traits. Participants saw pictures depicting every pairwise combination of four characters (good/powerful, good/weak, bad/powerful or bad/ weak) as initiators or recipients of six actions. Both children and adults made causal attributions to 'good' characters for prosocial behaviours and to 'bad' characters for antisocial behaviours. Potency influenced the frequency of attributions. Adults and children differed in the justifications of their attributions and in their reconciliations of contradictory information, e.g. a positive character initiating an antisocial act. Explanations of social events are based on characteristics of both interactants in combination with whether the event is prosocial. or antisocial. The findings thus extend work on children's 'theory-of-mind' to the realm of interpersonal interactions, where beliefs, desires or dispositions of either of two characters can cause an event. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.