Insecticidal effect of juglone and its disturbance analysis in metabolic profiles of Aphis gossypii glover using 1H NMR-based metabonomics approach

Juglone shows a wide range of biological activities but its insecticidal effect and mechanism on Aphis gossypii has not been reported up to now. In this study, on the basis of insecticidal effect research, a H-1 NMR-based hemolymph metabonomics analysis approach was applied to comprehensively and holistically investigate the toxic mechanism of juglone on A. gossypii. The sublethal effect of juglone was administered to A. gossypii Glover up to 12 h post treatment with the healthy insects as controls. By means of pattern recognition analysis, the metabolic profile of juglone treatment group was clearly distinct from that of control group. On the basis of biochemical traits measurement of A. gossypii hemolymph, the variations of a number of metabolites such as glucose, trehalose, betaine, valine, alanine, lactate, taurine, dimethylamine, and putrescine were determined and discussed. These results revealed that the juglone caused a disturbance of A. gossypii physiology by affecting its metabolomics profile of hemolymph. The current work may provide valuable clues for understanding the insecticidal mechanisms of juglone, as well as show the potential power of the combination of the NMR technique and the pattern recognition method for pesticide biochemistry research.