Postembolization syndrome: Changes in white blood cell counts immediately after uterine artery embolization

Postembolization syndrome (PES) after transcatheter uterine artery embolization (UAE) is classically described as including self-limited pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. However, the expected components of PES after UAE might also include leukocytosis, the incidence and magnitude of which have not yet been determined. A retrospective review of 78 patients who underwent elective UAE for symptomatic leiomyomas showed an increase in white blood cell (WBC) counts within 24 hours after the procedure in 86% of patients, with clinically defined leukocytosis (WBC count >11,000/mu L) present in 21% of patients. Interventional radiologists and other clinicians involved in the care of these patients should expect such changes and not be alarmed regarding early infectious complications.