TIME-DEPENDENT SEARCHES FOR POINT SOURCES OF NEUTRINOS WITH THE 40-STRING AND 22-STRING CONFIGURATIONS OF ICECUBE

被引：28

作者：

Abbasi, R.

Abdou, Y. ^{[2
]}

Abu-Zayyad, T. ^{[3
]}

Adams, J. ^{[4
]}

Aguilar, J. A. ^{[1
]}

Ahlers, M. ^{[5
]}

Andeen, K.

Auffenberg, J. ^{[6
]}

Bai, X. ^{[7
,8
]}

Baker, M.

Barwick, S. W. ^{[9
]}

Bay, R. ^{[10
]}

Alba, J. L. Bazo ^{[11
]}

Beattie, K. ^{[12
]}

Beatty, J. J. ^{[13
,14
,15
]}

Bechet, S. ^{[16
]}

Becker, J. K. ^{[17
]}

Becker, K. -H. ^{[6
]}

Benabderrahmane, M. L. ^{[11
]}

BenZvi, S.

Berdermann, J. ^{[11
]}

Berghaus, P.

Berley, D. ^{[18
]}

Bernardini, E. ^{[11
]}

Bertrand, D. ^{[16
]}

Besson, D. Z. ^{[19
]}

Bindig, D. ^{[6
]}

Bissok, M. ^{[20
]}

Blaufuss, E. ^{[18
]}

Blumenthal, J. ^{[20
]}

Boersma, D. J. ^{[20
]}

Bohm, C. ^{[21
,22
]}

Bose, D. ^{[23
]}

Boeser, S. ^{[24
]}

Botner, O. ^{[25
]}

Braun, J. ^{[1
]}

Brown, A. M. ^{[4
]}

Buitink, S. ^{[12
]}

Carson, M. ^{[2
]}

Chirkin, D. ^{[1
]}

Christy, B. ^{[18
]}

Clem, J. ^{[7
,8
]}

Clevermann, F. ^{[26
]}

Cohen, S. ^{[27
]}

Colnard, C. ^{[28
]}

Cowen, D. F. ^{[29
,30
]}

D'Agostino, M. V. ^{[10
]}

Danninger, M. ^{[21
,22
]}

Daughhetee, J. ^{[31
,32
]}

Davis, J. C. ^{[13
,14
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[2] Univ Ghent, Dept Phys & Astron, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[3] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA

[4] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch, New Zealand

[5] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England

[6] Univ Gesamthsch Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany

[7] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[8] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[9] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[10] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[11] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany

[12] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[13] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[14] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[15] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[16] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[17] Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

[18] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[19] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA

[20] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany

[21] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[22] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[23] Vrije Univ Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[24] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany

[25] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[26] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

[27] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[28] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany

[29] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[30] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[31] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[32] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA

[33] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA

[34] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA

[35] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada

[36] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

[37] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium

[38] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[39] Univ Berlin, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

[40] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA

[41] Univ W Indies, Dept Phys, BB-11000 Bridgetown, Barbados

[42] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[43] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA

[44] Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[45] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2012年 / 744卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会; 瑞士国家科学基金会; 瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

astroparticle physics; cosmic rays; neutrinos; HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; COSMIC-RAYS; AGILE DETECTION; MUON NEUTRINOS; MARKARIAN; 421; TEV-FLARE; BLAZAR; ACCELERATION;

D O I：

10.1088/0004-637X/744/1/1

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

This paper presents four searches for flaring sources of neutrinos using the IceCube neutrino telescope. For the first time, a search is performed over the entire parameter space of energy, direction, and time with sensitivity to neutrino flares lasting between 20 mu s and a year duration from astrophysical sources. Searches that integrate over time are less sensitive to flares because they are affected by a larger background of atmospheric neutrinos and muons that can be reduced by the use of additional timing information. Flaring sources considered here, such as active galactic nuclei, soft gamma-ray repeaters, and gamma-ray bursts, are promising candidate neutrino emitters. Two searches are "untriggered" in the sense that they look for any possible flare in the entire sky and from a predefined catalog of sources from which photon flares have been recorded. The other two searches are triggered by multi-wavelength information on flares from blazars and from a soft gamma-ray repeater. One triggered search uses lightcurves from Fermi-LAT which provides continuous monitoring. A second triggered search uses information where the flux states have been measured only for short periods of time near the flares. The untriggered searches use data taken by 40 strings of IceCube between 2008 April 5 and 2009 May 20. The triggered searches also use data taken by the 22-string configuration of IceCube operating between 2007 May 31 and 2008 April 5. The results from all four searches are compatible with a fluctuation of the background.

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