Potential assessment of hybrid biochar from the date palm and pistachio residues

The objective of this study was to examine the properties of hybrid biochar produced from date palm (D) and pistachio (P) residues and their co-pyrolysis at mixing ratios of 60:40 (by weight). Biochars were produced at 500 degrees C through pyrolysis in a tube furnace and subsequently characterized. Results indicated that pistachio biochar (PBC) had a high carbon content (81.02 wt%) and a low oxygen content (17.57 wt%). Conversely, the date palm biochar (DBC) had a high ash content (28.11 wt%) and a low carbon content (40.08 wt%). Blending D and P at the specified ratios improved the biochar samples' gross and elemental contents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were utilized to determine the morphology and structure of the produced biochar.