Advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: the sodium iodide symporter and other emerging therapeutic targets

被引:86
作者
Spitzweg, Christine [1 ]
Bible, Keith C. [2 ]
Hofbauer, Lorenz C. [4 ]
Morris, John C. [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Hosp Munich, Dept Internal Med 3, D-81377 Munich, Germany
[2] Mayo Clin, Div Med Oncol, Rochester, MN USA
[3] Mayo Clin, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Rochester, MN USA
[4] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Med 3, Div Endocrinol & Metab Bone Dis, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
关键词
PHASE-II TRIAL; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; SODIUM/IODIDE SYMPORTER; NA+/I-SYMPORTER; DOUBLE-BLIND; DISTANT METASTASES; TUMOR PROGRESSION; RETINOIC ACID; SOLID TUMORS; EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70051-8
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Approximately 30% of patients with advanced, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer have radioiodine-refractory disease, based on decreased expression of the sodium iodide symporter SLC5A5 (NIS), diminished membrane targeting of NIS, or both. Patients with radioiodine-refractory disease, therefore, are not amenable to I-131 therapy, which is the initial systemic treatment of choice for non-refractory metastatic thyroid cancer. Patients with radioiodine-refractory cancer have historically had poor outcomes, partly because these cancers often respond poorly to cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the past decade, however, considerable progress has been made in delineating the molecular pathogenesis of radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. As a result of the identification of key genetic and epigenetic alterations and dysregulated signalling pathways, multiple biologically targeted drugs, in particular tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, have been evaluated in clinical trials with promising results and have begun to meaningfully impact clinical practice. In this Review, we summarise the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of advanced differentiated thyroid cancer and discuss findings from clinical trials of targeted drugs in patients with radioiodine-refractory disease. Additionally, we focus on the molecular basis of loss of NIS expression, function, or both in refractory disease, and discuss preclinical and clinical data on restoration of radioiodine uptake.
引用
收藏
页码:830 / 842
页数:13
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