Bioaugmentation with As-transforming bacteria improves arsenic availability and uptake by the hyperaccumulator plant Pteris vittata (L).

Inorganic arsenic (As) is a toxic and carcinogenic pollutant that has long-term impacts on environmental quality and human health. Pteris vittata plants hyperaccumulate As from soils. Soil bacteria are critical for As-uptake by P. vittata. We examined the use of taxonomically diverse soil bacteria to modulate As speciation in soil and their effect on As-uptake by P. vittata. Aqueous media inoculated with Pseudomonas putida MK800041, P. monteilii MK344656, P. plecoglossicida MK345459, Ochrobactrum intermedium MK346993 or Agrobacterium tumefaciens MK346997 resulted in the oxidation of 5-30% As(III) and a 49-79% reduction of As(V). Soil inoculated with P. monteilii increased extractable As(III) and As(V) from 0.5 and 0.09 in controls to 0.9 and 0.39 mg As kg(-1) soil dry weight, respectively. Moreover, and P. vittata plants inoculated with P. monteilii, P. plecoglossicida, O. intermedium strains, and A. tumefaciens strains MK344655, MK346994, MK346997, significantly increased As-uptake by 43, 32, 12, 18, 16, and 14%, respectively, compared to controls. The greatest As-accumulation (1.9 +/- 0.04 g kg(-1) frond Dwt) and bioconcentration factor (16.3 +/- 0.35) was achieved in plants inoculated with P. monteilii. Our findings indicate that the tested bacterial strains can increase As-availability in soils, thus enhancing As-accumulation by P. vittata. Novelty statement Pteris vittata, a well-known As-hyperaccumulator, has the remarkable ability to accumulate higher levels of As in their above-ground biomass. The As-tolerant bacteria-plant interactions play a significant role in bioremediation by mediating As-redox and controlling As-availability and uptake by P. vittata. Our studies indicated that most of the tested bacterial strains isolated from As-impacted soil significantly enhanced As-uptake by P. vittata. P. monteilii oxidized 20% of As(III) and reduced 50% of As(V), increased As-extraction from soils, and increased As-uptake by 43% greater compared with control. Therefore, these strains associated with P. vittata can be used in large-scale field applications to remediate As-contaminated soil.