Trends in the exploitation of South Atlantic shark populations

被引:62
作者
Barreto, Rodrigo [1 ]
Ferretti, Francesco [2 ]
Flemming, Joanna M. [3 ]
Amorim, Alberto [4 ]
Andrade, Humber [1 ]
Worm, Boris [5 ]
Lessa, Rosangela [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco UFRPE, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura DEPAq, Ave Dom Manoel de Medeiros, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil
[2] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
[3] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
[4] Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios, Secretaria Agr & Abastecimento Estado Sao Paulo A, Inst Pesca, Ave Bartolomeu Gusmao 192, BR-11045401 Santos, SP, Brazil
[5] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
fishing logbooks; longline fisheries; pelagic sharks; South Atlantic Ocean; threatened species; bitacoras de pesca; especies amenazadas; Oceano Atlantico Sur; pesqueras de palangre; tiburones pelagicos; PRIONACE-GLAUCA; LONGLINE FLEET; CATCH RATES; CAUGHT; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; FISHERIES; ECOLOGY; SIZE;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.12663
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Approximately 25% of globally reported shark catches occur in Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries. Strong declines in shark populations have been detected in the North Atlantic, whereas in the South Atlantic the situation is less clear, although fishing effort has been increasing in this region since the late 1970s. We synthesized information on shark catch rates (based on 871,177 sharks caught on 86,492 longline sets) for the major species caught by multiple fleets in the South Atlantic between 1979 and 2011. We complied records from fishing logbooks of fishing companies, fishers, and onboard observers that were supplied to Brazilian institutions. By using exploratory data analysis and literature sources, we identified 3 phases of exploitation in these data (Supporting Information). From 1979 to 1997 (phase A), 5 fleets (40 vessels) fished mainly for tunas. From 1998 to 2008 (phase B), 20 fleets (100 vessels) fished for tunas, swordfishes, and sharks. From 2008 to 2011 (phase C), 3 fleets (30 vessels) fished for multiple species, but restrictive measures were implemented. We used generalized linear models to standardize catch rates and identify trends in each of these phases. Shark catch rates increased from 1979 to 1997, when fishing effort was low, decreased from 1998 to 2008, when fishing effort increased substantially, and remained stable or increased from 2008 to 2011, when fishing effort was again low. Our results indicate that most shark populations affected by longlines in the South Atlantic are currently depleted, but these populations may recover if fishing effort is reduced accordingly. In this context, it is problematic that comprehensive data collection, monitoring, and management of these fisheries ceased after 2012. Concurrently with the fact that Brazil is newly identified by FAO among the largest (and in fastest expansion) shark sub-products consumer market worldwide. Tendencias en la Explotacion de las Poblaciones de Tiburones del Atlantico Sur Aproximadamente el 25% de las capturas de tiburones reportadas a nivel mundial suceden en las pesquerias de palangre del Atlantico. Se han detectado fuertes declinaciones en el Atlantico Norte, mientras que en el Atlantico Sur la situacion es menos clara, aunque los esfuerzos de pesca han incrementado en esta region desde finales de la decada de 1970. Sintetizamos la informacion sobre las tasas de captura de tiburones (basadas en 871, 177 tiburones capturados en 86, 492 series de palangre) para las principales especies atrapadas por multiples flotas en el Atlantico Sur entre 1979 y 2011. Compilamos los registros, que fueron suministrados a instituciones brasilenas, de las bitacoras de pesca de las companias pesqueras, los pescadores y los observadores abordo. Con el uso de analisis exploratorios de datos y fuentes literarias identificamos tres fases de explotacion en estos datos. De 1979 a 1997 (fase A), cinco flotas (40 navios) pescaron principalmente atun. De 1998 a 2008 (fase B), 20 flotas (100 navios) pescaron atun, peces espada y tiburones. De 2008 a 2011 (fase C), tres flotas (30 navios) pescaron multiples especies, pero se implementaron medidas restrictivas. Usamos modelos lineales generalizados para estandarizar las tasas de captura e identificar las tendencias en cada una de estas fases. Las tasas de captura de tiburones incrementaron de 1979 a 1997, cuando el esfuerzo de pesca era bajo; disminuyeron de 1998 a 2008, cuando los esfuerzos de pesca incrementaron sustancialmente; y permanecieron estables o incrementaron de 2008 a 2011, cuando el esfuerzo de pesca de nuevo fue bajo. Nuestros resultados indican que la mayoria de las poblaciones de tiburones afectadas por palangres en el Atlantico Sur actualmente se encuentran mermadas, pero estas poblaciones pueden recuperarse si el esfuerzo de pesca se reduce adecuadamente. En este contexto, es un problema que la colecta de datos, el monitoreo y el manejo de estas pesqueras hayan cesado despues de 2012. Simultaneamente con el hecho de que Brasil ha sido recientemente identificado per la FAO entre los mas grandes (y en mas rapida expansion) mercados de consumo de sub-productos de tiburones in el mundo. Resumen
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页码:792 / 804
页数:13
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