Effects of Virtual Reality and External Cold and Vibration on Pain in 7-to 12-Year-Old Children During Phlebotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

被引:88
作者
Gerceker, Gulcin O. [1 ]
Binay, Seyda [2 ]
Bilsin, Elif [3 ]
Kahraman, Ayse [2 ]
Yilmaz, Hatice B. [2 ]
机构
[1] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Nursing, Dept Pediat Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
[2] Ege Univ, Fac Nursing, Dept Pediat Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
[3] Gaziantep Univ, Fac Nursing, Dept Pediat Nursing, Gaziantep, Turkey
关键词
virtual reality; external cold and vibration; phlebotomy; child; pain; DISTRACTION METHODS; PROCEDURAL PAIN; VENIPUNCTURE; RELIEF; ANXIETY; EFFICACY; MANAGEMENT; THERAPY; MUSIC; CARDS;
D O I
10.1016/j.jopan.2017.12.010
中图分类号
R47 [护理学];
学科分类号
1011 ;
摘要
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the virtual reality (VR) and external cold and vibration methods on pain scores in children aged 7 to 12 years during phlebotomy. Design: A randomized controlled study. Methods: The sample of children (n = 121) was allocated to the groups (group 1, VR; group 2, external cold and vibration; group 3, control) by blocked randomization. Pain scores were assessed after the phlebotomy using self-report, parent's reports, report from the nurse who attempted the phlebotomy, and researchers' report with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. Findings: Pain scores were determined to be lower in groups 1 and 2. Although there was no difference between the groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 or 2 and group 3 based on all pain scores. Conclusions: Results suggest that VR and external cold and vibration are effective in reducing the pain in 7-to 12-year-old children during phlebotomy. VR can be used safely for the pain management of children who are growing up in the age of technology.
引用
收藏
页码:981 / 989
页数:9
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