Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ∼2.5 km below the ocean floor

被引：281

作者：

Inagaki, F. ^{[1
,2
]}

Hinrichs, K. -U. ^{[3
]}

Kubo, Y. ^{[4
,5
]}

Bowles, M. W. ^{[3
]}

Heuer, V. B. ^{[3
]}

Hong, W. -L. ^{[6
]}

Hoshino, T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ijiri, A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Imachi, H. ^{[2
,7
]}

Ito, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

Kaneko, M. ^{[2
,8
]}

Lever, M. A. ^{[9
]}

Lin, Y. -S. ^{[3
]}

Methe, B. A. ^{[10
]}

Morita, S. ^{[11
]}

Morono, Y. ^{[1
,2
]}

Tanikawa, W. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bihan, M. ^{[10
]}

Bowden, S. A. ^{[12
]}

Elvert, M. ^{[3
]}

Glombitza, C. ^{[9
]}

Gross, D. ^{[13
]}

Harrington, G. J. ^{[14
]}

Hori, T. ^{[15
]}

Li, K. ^{[10
]}

Limmer, D. ^{[12
]}

Liu, C. -H. ^{[16
]}

Murayama, M. ^{[17
]}

Ohkouchi, N. ^{[2
]}

Ono, S. ^{[18
]}

Park, Y. -S. ^{[19
]}

Phillips, S. C. ^{[20
]}

Prieto-Mollar, X. ^{[3
]}

Purkey, M. ^{[21
]}

Riedinger, N. ^{[22
]}

Sanada, Y. ^{[4
,5
]}

Sauvage, J. ^{[23
]}

Snyder, G. ^{[24
]}

Susilawati, R. ^{[25
]}

Takano, Y. ^{[2
,8
]}

Tasumi, E. ^{[7
]}

Terada, T. ^{[26
]}

Tomaru, H. ^{[27
]}

Trembath-Reichert, E. ^{[28
]}

Wang, D. T. ^{[18
]}

Yamada, Y. ^{[29
]}

机构：

[1] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Kochi Inst Core Sample Res, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan

[2] JAMSTEC, Res & Dev Ctr Marine Resources, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan

[3] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany

[4] JAMSTEC, Ctr Deep Earth Explorat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360061, Japan

[5] JAMSTEC, Res & Dev Ctr Ocean Drilling Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan

[6] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA

[7] JAMSTEC, Dept Subsurface Geobiol Anal & Res, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan

[8] JAMSTEC, Dept Biogeochem, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan

[9] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, Ctr Geomicrobiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

[10] J Craig Venter Inst, Dept Environm Genom, Rockville, MD 20850 USA

[11] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan

[12] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Geosci, Dept Geol & Petr Geol, Aberdeen AB2A 3UE, Scotland

[13] Montanuniv, Dept Appl Geosci & Geophys, A-8700 Leoben, Austria

[14] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[15] AIST, Environm Management Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan

[16] Nanjing Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China

[17] Kochi Univ, Ctr Adv Marine Core Res, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan

[18] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[19] Korea Inst Geosci & Mineral Resources, Petr & Marine Resources Res Div, Taejon 305350, South Korea

[20] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA

[21] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA

[22] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[23] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA

[24] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA

[25] Univ Queensland, Sch Earth Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

[26] Marine Works Japan, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370063, Japan

[27] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan

[28] CALTECH, Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[29] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Urban Management, Kyoto 6158540, Japan

来源：

SCIENCE | 2015年 / 349卷 / 6246期

基金：

欧洲研究理事会; 日本学术振兴会;

关键词：

MARINE SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; BIOGENIC METHANE; COENZYME F430; SEA SEDIMENTS; METHANOGENESIS; SUBSEAFLOOR; OIL; COMMUNITIES; BIOSPHERE; OXIDATION;

D O I：

10.1126/science.aaa6882

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in similar to 40 degrees to 60 degrees C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at similar to 1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from <10 to similar to 10(4) cells cm(-3). Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.

引用

页码：420 / 424

页数：5

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