14 MeV calibration of JET neutron detectors-phase 1: calibration and characterization of the neutron source

被引：28

作者：

Batistoni, P. ^{[1
,2
,99
]}

Popovichev, S. ^{[1
,3
,17
]}

Cufar, A. ^{[1
,4
,90
]}

Ghani, Z. ^{[1
,3
,17
]}

Giacomelli, L. ^{[1
,5
,55
]}

Jednorog, S. ^{[1
,6
,59
]}

Klix, A. ^{[1
,7
,66
]}

Lilley, S. Y. ^{[1
,3
]}

Laszynska, E. ^{[1
,6
,59
]}

Loreti, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Packer, L. ^{[1
,3
]}

Peacock, A. ^{[1
,8
]}

Pillon, M. ^{[1
,2
,99
]}

Price, R. ^{[1
,3
,17
]}

Rebai, M. ^{[1
,9
,106
]}

Rigamonti, D. ^{[1
,9
,106
]}

Roberts, N. ^{[1
,10
]}

Tardocchi, M. ^{[1
,5
,55
]}

Thomas, D. ^{[1
,10
]}

Litaudon, X. ^{[45
]}

Abduallev, S. ^{[49
]}

Abhangi, M. ^{[56
]}

Abreu, P. ^{[63
]}

Afzal, M. ^{[17
]}

Aggarwal, K. M. ^{[39
]}

Ahlgren, T. ^{[110
]}

Ahn, J. H. ^{[18
]}

Aho-Mantila, L. ^{[121
]}

Aiba, N. ^{[78
]}

Airila, M. ^{[121
]}

Albanese, R. ^{[114
]}

Aldred, V. ^{[17
]}

Alegre, D. ^{[102
]}

Alessi, E. ^{[55
]}

Aleynikov, P. ^{[65
]}

Alfier, A. ^{[22
]}

Alkseev, A. ^{[81
]}

Allinson, M. ^{[17
]}

Alper, B. ^{[17
]}

Alves, E. ^{[63
]}

Ambrosino, G. ^{[114
]}

Ambrosino, R. ^{[115
]}

Amicucci, L. ^{[99
]}

Amosov, V. ^{[97
]}

Sunden, E. Andersson ^{[32
]}

Angelone, M. ^{[99
]}

Anghel, M. ^{[94
]}

Angioni, C. ^{[72
]}

Appel, L. ^{[17
]}

Appelbee, C. ^{[17
]}

机构：

[1] Culham Sci Ctr, EUROfus Consortium, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[2] ENEA, Dept Fus & Nucl Safety Technol, I-00044 Rome, Italy

[3] CCFE Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[4] Jozef Stefan Inst, Reactor Phys Div, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

[5] CNR, Ist Fis Plasma P Caldirola, Milan, Italy

[6] Inst Plasma Phys & Laser Microfus, Hery 23, PL-01497 Warsaw, Poland

[7] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76344 Karlsruhe, Germany

[8] JET Exploitat Unit, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[9] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Milan, Italy

[10] Natl Phys Lab, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England

[11] Aalto Univ, POB 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland

[12] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, F-13451 Marseille, France

[13] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, F-13013 Marseille, France

[14] Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, F-13013 Marseille, France

[15] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA

[16] Barcelona Supercomputing Ctr, Barcelona, Spain

[17] Culham Sci Ctr, CCFE, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England

[18] CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France

[19] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92093 USA

[20] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rua Xavier Sigaud 160, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

[21] Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, I-80125 Naples, Italy

[22] Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padua, Italy

[23] Daegu Univ, Gyongsan 712174, Gyeongbuk, South Korea

[24] Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain

[25] Univ Ghent, Dept Appl Phys UG, St Pietersnieuwstr 41, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium

[26] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Earth Space Sci, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

[27] Univ Cagliari, Dept Elect Elect Engn, Piazza Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy

[28] Comenius Univ, Dept Expt Phys, Fac Math Phys Informat, Mlynska Dolina F2, Bratislava 84248, Slovakia

[29] Warsaw Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci, PL-01152 Warsaw, Poland

[30] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl Quantum Engn, Daejeon 34141, South Korea

[31] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 ONG, Lanark, Scotland

[32] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys Astron, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden

[33] Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Phys, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden

[34] Imperial Coll London, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England

[35] KTH, SCI, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[36] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Basel, Switzerland

[37] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

[38] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[39] Queens Univ, Dept Pure Appl Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland

[40] Univ Catania, Dipartimento Ingn Elettr Elettron Informat, I-95125 Catania, Italy

[41] Univ Trento, Dipartimento Ingn Ind, Trento, Italy

[42] Dublin City Univ, Dublin, Ireland

[43] Swiss Plasma Ctr, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

[44] EUROfus Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[45] Culham Sci Ctr, EUROfus Programme Management Unit, Culham OX14 3DB, England

[46] European Commiss, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium

[47] ULB, Fluid Plasma Dynam, Campus Plaine CP 231 Blvd Triomphe, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[48] FOM Inst DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands

[49] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Inst Energie Klimaforsch Plasmaphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany

[50] Fourth State Res, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX USA

来源：

NUCLEAR FUSION | 2018年 / 58卷 / 02期

关键词：

neutron calibration; neutron generator; fusion reactor; SUPPORT;

D O I：

10.1088/1741-4326/aa98f6

中图分类号：

O35 [流体力学]; O53 [等离子体物理学];

学科分类号：

070204 ; 080103 ; 080704 ;

摘要：

In view of the planned DT operations at JET, a calibration of the JET neutron monitors at 14 MeV neutron energy is needed using a 14 MeV neutron generator deployed inside the vacuum vessel by the JET remote handling system. The target accuracy of this calibration is +/- 10% as also required by ITER, where a precise neutron yield measurement is important, e.g. for tritium accountancy. To achieve this accuracy, the 14 MeV neutron generator selected as the calibration source has been fully characterised and calibrated prior to the in-vessel calibration of the JET monitors. This paper describes the measurements performed using different types of neutron detectors, spectrometers, calibrated long counters and activation foils which allowed us to obtain the neutron emission rate and the anisotropy of the neutron generator, i.e. the neutron flux and energy spectrum dependence on emission angle, and to derive the absolute emission rate in 4 pi sr. The use of high resolution diamond spectrometers made it possible to resolve the complex features of the neutron energy spectra resulting from the mixed D/T beam ions reacting with the D/T nuclei present in the neutron generator target. As the neutron generator is not a stable neutron source, several monitoring detectors were attached to it by means of an ad hoc mechanical structure to continuously monitor the neutron emission rate during the in-vessel calibration. These monitoring detectors, two diamond diodes and activation foils, have been calibrated in terms of neutrons/counts within +/- 5% total uncertainty. A neutron source routine has been developed, able to produce the neutron spectra resulting from all possible reactions occurring with the D/T ions in the beam impinging on the Ti D/T target. The neutron energy spectra calculated by combining the source routine with a MCNP model of the neutron generator have been validated by the measurements. These numerical tools will be key in analysing the results from the in-vessel calibration and to derive the response of the JET neutron detectors to DT plasma neutrons starting from the response to the generator neutrons, and taking into account all the calibration circumstances.

引用

页数：24

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