Ambiguity of Innovation Typology in Innovation Measurement: Towards a Unified Typology of Innovation and Measurement Model

Innovations are seen as opportunities to sustain and accelerate countries' development of not only their companies but also their economies. The literature on the subject presents a number of different and often contradictory typologies of innovation. This raises the problem of discrepancies in terms of the definitions, as well as possible socio-economic effects of particular types of innovation and their relationships to ex post and ex ante phases in innovation process models. So far, no attempt has been made to address the problem of unifying the typologies of innovation. The main objective of this paper is to attempt this challenge and propose one consistent typology of innovation that allows the design of a framework for an innovation measurement model. The presented research results are the next steps towards developing a consistent innovation theory, and will help design a coherent innovation measurement model.