Energy from planted forest and its residues characterization in Brazil

An overview of planted forest and its use for energy generation in Brazil is presented. Historical and current data on planted area, productivity and consumption of planted wood is presented. Planted wood was responsible for 7.8% of primary energy consumed in Brazil during 2016, mainly as charcoal for steel industry. Eucalyptus and pine are the main planted species in Brazil. Favourable climate and soil quality enhance productivity of planted forest in Brazil, reaching 30-36 m(3) ha(-1) y(-1) thus representing the world's highest productivity, with better managed forests producing up to 70 m(3) ha(-1). Forest residues reach 20% for eucalyptus and 40% for pine as compared to the amount of wood produced. Residues of a particular eucalyptus planted forest were collected directly on the field, considered for fuel and analyzed determining composition, heat value, ash content and thermogravimetric analysis. It is estimated a yearly generation of 20 x 10(6) t of forest residues and 15 x 10(6) t of wood industry residues. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.