Zoosporic true fungi in marine ecosystems: a review

被引:51
|
作者
Gleason, Frank H. [1 ]
Kuepper, Frithjof C. [2 ]
Amon, James P. [3 ]
Picard, Kathryn [4 ]
Gachon, Claire M. M. [2 ]
Marano, Agostina V. [5 ]
Sime-Ngando, Telesphore [6 ]
Lilje, Osu [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci A12, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
[2] Scottish Marine Inst, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland
[3] Wright State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
[4] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA
[5] Univ Nacl La Plata, Inst Bot Spegazzini, RA-1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
[6] Univ Blaise Pascal, Lab Microorganismes Genome & Environm, UMR CNRS 6023, F-63177 Aubiere, France
关键词
Chytridiomycota; Chytridium; chytrids; food webs; marine algae; Olpidium; Rhizophydium; salinity; Thalassochytrium; MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS; RHIZOPHYDIUM-LITTOREUM; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA; ORDER; POLYSIPHONIAE; PHOTOTAXIS; CHYTRIDIUM; PARASITES; THRAUSTOCHYTRIDS;
D O I
10.1071/MF10294
中图分类号
S9 [水产、渔业];
学科分类号
0908 ;
摘要
Although many species of zoosporic true fungi have been frequently observed and studied in freshwater and soil ecosystems, only three species have been properly identified and partially characterised from brackish and marine ecosystems, namely Rhizophydium littoreum Amon, Thalassochytrium gracilariopsis Nyvall, Pedersen et Longcore and Chytridium polysiphoniae Cohn. These species are either facultative or obligate parasites of marine macroalgae and invertebrates. Also, some species of Olpidium and Rhizophydium are parasites of small marine green algae and diatoms. Although the physiological effects of these pathogens on the growth and metabolism of their hosts are poorly understood, parasitism by C. polysiphoniae possibly affects the rates of photosynthesis and patterns of growth in infected communities of brown algae. Saprobic ecotypes of R. littoreum can also colonise dead-plant and animal substrates. Zoospores from zoosporic true fungi and other groups of microbes possibly provide important food resources for grazing and filter-feeding zooplankton and metazoans in marine ecosystems where the prevalence of disease is high or where accumulated detritus enhances biodiversity in food webs. However, quantitative studies have not yet been attempted. Recently, environmental sampling with molecular techniques has revealed unknown clades of zoosporic true fungi in extreme marine ecosystems. These fungi have been grossly under-sampled and under-studied in marine environments.
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收藏
页码:383 / 393
页数:11
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