Activation-induced deaminase: controversies and open questions

被引：46
作者：
Barreto, VM
Ramiro, AR
Nussenzweig, MC
机构：
[1] Rockefeller Univ, Lab Mol Immunol, New York, NY 10021 USA
[2] Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA
来源：
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY | 2005年 / 26卷 / 02期
基金：
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词：
D O I：
10.1016/j.it.2004.12.004
中图分类号：
R392 [医学免疫学]; Q939.91 [免疫学];
学科分类号：
100102 ;
摘要：
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is required for three distinct reactions crucial to the diversification of the antibody repertoire; these are somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination (CSR) and gene conversion (GC). AID is a cytidine deaminase and is believed to initiate these reactions by dearninating cytidine residues in single-stranded DNA in Ig genes. This reaction has the potential to produce DNA damage in non-Ig genes and to destabilize the genome. Here, we review the current understanding of how AID is targeted and mutates Ig genes and how genome integrity is maintained during SHM, CSR and GC.
引用
收藏
页码：90 / 96
页数：7
相关论文
共 90 条
[1]   Requirement of the activation-induced deaminase (AID) gene for immunoglobulin gene conversion [J].
Arakawa, H ;
Hauschild, J ;
Buerstedde, JM .
SCIENCE, 2002, 295 (5558) :1301-1306
[2]   MUTATIONS OF THE CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYL TRANSFERASE TRANSGENE DRIVEN BY THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN PROMOTER AND INTRON ENHANCER [J].
AZUMA, T ;
MOTOYAMA, N ;
FIELDS, LE ;
LOH, DY .
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY, 1993, 5 (02) :121-130
[3]   Increased transcription levels induce higher mutation rates in a hypermutating cell line [J].
Bachl, J ;
Carlson, C ;
Gray-Schopfer, V ;
Dessing, M ;
Olsson, C .
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2001, 166 (08) :5051-5057
[4]   C-terminal deletion of AID uncouples class switch recombination from somatic hypermutation and gene conversion [J].
Barreto, V ;
Reina-San-Martin, B ;
Ramiro, AR ;
McBride, KM ;
Nussenzweig, MC .
MOLECULAR CELL, 2003, 12 (02) :501-508
[5]   Uracil DNA glycosylase activity is dispensable for immunloglobulin class switch [J].
Begum, NA ;
Kinoshita, K ;
Kakazu, N ;
Muramatsu, M ;
Nagaoka, H ;
Shinkura, R ;
Biniszkiewicz, D ;
Boyer, LA ;
Jaenisch, R ;
Honjo, T .
SCIENCE, 2004, 305 (5687) :1160-1163
[6]   The regulation of somatic hypermutation [J].
Besmer, E ;
Gourzi, P ;
Papavasiliou, FN .
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY, 2004, 16 (02) :241-245
[7]   Cytidine deamination of retroviral DNA by diverse APOBEC proteins [J].
Bishop, KN ;
Holmes, RK ;
Sheehy, AM ;
Davidson, NO ;
Cho, SJ ;
Malim, MH .
CURRENT BIOLOGY, 2004, 14 (15) :1392-1396
[8]   Activation-induced cytidine deaminase deaminates deoxycytidine on single-stranded DNA but requires the action of RNase [J].
Bransteitter, R ;
Pham, P ;
Scharff, MD ;
Goodman, MF .
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2003, 100 (07) :4102-4107
[9]   Activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) is actively exported out of the nucleus but retained by the induction of DNA breaks [J].
Brar, SS ;
Watson, M ;
Diaz, M .
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 2004, 279 (25) :26395-26401
[10]   Somatic hypermutation does not require Rad54 and Rad54B-mediated homologous recombination [J].
Bross, L ;
Wesoly, J ;
Buerstedde, JM ;
Kanaar, R ;
Jacobs, H .
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, 2003, 33 (02) :352-357
123456789