Higher CHADS2 score is associated with impaired coronary flow reserve: A study using phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging

Background: The presence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important prognostic marker for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the CHADS2 score is associated with CMD evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and methods: One hundred forty three patients with known or suspected CAD (mean age 70.3 +/- 9.5 years) were enrolled. All patients did not have any significant coronary stenosis on X-ray coronary angiography (CAG) at the time of MRI acquisition. By using a 1.5 T MRI scanner, breath-hold phase contrast cine MRI images of coronary sinus (CS) were obtained to assess the blood flow of CS both at rest and during adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was calculated as CS blood flow during ATP infusion divided by CS blood flow at rest. CMD was defined as CFR < 2.5 according to a previous study. Patients were allocated to four groups based on the CHADS2 score (group1: CHADS2 score = 0, group2: CHADS2 score = 1; group3: CHADS2 score = 2, and group4: CHADS2 score >= 3). Results: Mean CFR was 2.81 +/- 0.95 (77.6 +/- 32.7 mL/min at rest; 208.2 +/- 86.5 mL/min during ATP infusion, p < 0.001). Patients with higher CHAD2 score had lower CFR. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, CHADS2 score was independently associated with CFR (odds ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.99, p = 0.049). Conclusions: Higher CHADS2 score was significantly associated with lower CFR evaluated by phase contrast cine MRI. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.