Equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between inorganic aqueous Fe(III) and the siderophore complex, Fe(III)-desferrioxamine B

In oxic oceans, most of the dissolved iron (Fe) exists as complexes with siderophore-like, strongly coordinating organic ligands. Thus, the isotope composition of the little amount of free inorganic Fe that is available for precipitation and preservation in the geological record may largely be controlled by isotope fractionation between the free and complexed iron. We have determined the equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation induced by organic ligand activity in experiments with solutions having co-existing inorganic Fe(III) species and siderophore complexes, Fe-desferrioxamine B (at pH 2). The two differently complexed Fe(III) pools were separated by addition of Na2CO3, which led to immediate precipitation of the inorganic Fe without causing significant dissociation of Fe-desferrioxamine complexes. Experiments using enriched Fe-57 tracer showed that isotopic equilibration between the Fe-57-labelled inorganic species and the isotopically "normal" siderophore-bound Fe was rapid during the first few seconds and then became slower. Consequently, the data fitted poorly to first and second order reaction equations. However, with a two-stage reaction, the data fit perfectly with a first order equation for the slower stage, indicating that approximately 40% re-equilibration may take place during the separation of the two pools. To further test if the induced precipitation leads to experimental artefacts, the fractionation during precipitation of inorganic Fe was determined. Assuming a Rayleigh-type fractionation during precipitation, this experiment yielded an isotope fractionation factor of a alpha Fe-56(solution-solid)=1.00027. Calculations based on these results indicate that isotopic re-equilibration is unlikely to significantly affect our determined equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between inorganically and organically complexed Fe. To determine the equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between inorganically and organically bound Fe(III), experiments with variable proportions of inorganic Fe were carried out at 25 degrees C. Irrespective of the proportion of inorganic Fe, equilibrium fractionation factors were within experimental uncertainty, yielding an average fractionation factor, Delta Fe-56(DFOB-inorg) of 0.60 +/- 0.15 parts per thousand. The results indicate that equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation induced by strongly coordinating organic ligands may fractionate Fe isotopes in nature. The fractionation is likely to be important in oxic, Fe(III)-bearing environments, such as soils and rivers, and may, for example, largely control the Fe isotope composition of marine Fe-Mn crusts. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.