Comparison of the clinical characteristics of vasculitis occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment or not in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A systematic review of 2707 patients, 18 vasculitis

Objective. Comparison of vasculitis occurring in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment and those not. Methods. Systematic, retrospective, observational study of all RA patients in one center (1997 - 2004). Vasculitis cumulative incidence in RA patients was calculated it? patients receiving anti-TNF or those not. Clinical characteristics of RA and vasculitis were collected. Begaud's imputability tables were used to evaluate the role of anti-TNF in inducing vasculitis. Results. Out of 2707 RA patients, 440 received an anti-TNF. A vasculitis occurred in 6 patients treated with anti-TNF (cumulative incidence: 1.3%), and in 12 patients treated without anti-TNF (cumulative incidence: 0.5%). Characteristics of patients not treated with anti-TNF or treated were respectively (mean): age (years) at vasculitis occurrence: 66.5 vs. 55.3, disease duration (years): 12.2 vs. 13.8, (extra-articular features before vasculitis: 16% vs. 60%, number of previous DMARDs: 3.2 vs. 4.5, corticosteroid cumulated dosage (grains): 40.8 vs. 64.3. Vasculitis was cutaneous (58% vs. 67%), neurologic (58% vs. 67%), visceral (8% vs. 17%), and required a treatment in 66% vs. 83%. Using Begaud's tables, anti-TNF could be responsible for inducing vasculitis in 2 out of 6 patients. Conclusion. In RA, vasculitis is more frequent during anti-TNF treatment than without anti-TNF Anti-TNF could be responsible for inducing vasculitis in 2 patients. Patients treated with anti-TNF had more severe RA. It remains to be determined whether vasculitis is a consequence of anti-TNF inefficacy or whether it is treatment-related. In vasculitis occurring with anti-TNF, classical treatment seems more suitable than a switch to another anti-TNF.