A carbon dioxide avoidance behavior is integrated with responses to ambient oxygen and food in Caenorhabditis elegans

被引:124
作者
Bretscher, Andrew Jonathan [1 ]
Busch, Karl Emanuel [1 ]
de Bono, Mario [1 ]
机构
[1] MRC, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
carbon dioxide sensing; natural variation; oxygen sensing;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0707607105
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Homeostasis of internal carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O-2) levels is fundamental to all animals. Here we examine the CO2 response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This species inhabits rotting material, which typically has a broad CO2 concentration range. We show that well fed C elegans avoid CO2 levels above 0.5%. Animals can respond to both absolute CO2 concentrations and changes in CO2 levels within seconds. Responses to CO2 do not reflect avoidance of acid pH but appear to define anew sensory response. Sensation Of CO2 is promoted by the cGMP-gated ion channel subunits TAX-2 and TAX-4, but other pathways are also important. Robust CO2 avoidance in well fed animals requires inhibition of the DAF-16 forkhead transcription factor by the insulin-like receptor DAF-2. Starvation, which activates DAF-16, strongly suppresses CO2 avoidance. Exposure to hypoxia (<1 % O-2) also suppresses CO2 avoidance via activation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1. The npr-1 215V allele of the naturally polymorphic neuropeptide receptor npr-1, besides inhibiting avoidance of high ambient O-2 in feeding C. elegans, also promotes avoidance of high CO2. C. elegans integrates competing O-2 and CO2 sensory inputs so that one response dominates. Food and allelic variation at NPR-1 regulate which response prevails. Our results suggest that multiple sensory inputs are coordinated by C. elegans to generate different coherent foraging strategies.
引用
收藏
页码:8044 / 8049
页数:6
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