Physiological Effect of Ghrelin on Body Systems

被引:85
作者
Akalu, Yonas [1 ]
Molla, Meseret Derbew [2 ]
Dessie, Gashaw [2 ]
Ayelign, Birhanu [3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Gondar, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia
[2] Univ Gondar, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia
[3] Univ Gondar, Dept Immunol & Mol Biol, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Sch Biomed & Lab Sci, Gondar, Ethiopia
基金
英国科研创新办公室;
关键词
MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; DES-ACYL GHRELIN; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; PLASMA GHRELIN; CIRCULATING GHRELIN;
D O I
10.1155/2020/1385138
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body systems. It induces appetite; promotes the use of carbohydrates as a source of fuel while sparing fat; inhibits lipid oxidation and promotes lipogenesis; stimulates the gastric acid secretion and motility; improves cardiac performance; decreases blood pressure; and protects the kidneys, heart, and brain. Ghrelin is important for learning, memory, cognition, reward, sleep, taste sensation, olfaction, and sniffing. It has sympatholytic, analgesic, antimicrobial, antifibrotic, and osteogenic effects. Moreover, ghrelin makes the skeletal muscle more excitable and stimulates its regeneration following injury; delays puberty; promotes fetal lung development; decreases thyroid hormone and testosterone; stimulates release of growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, vasopressin, and oxytocin; inhibits insulin release; and promotes wound healing. Ghrelin protects the body by different mechanisms including inhibition of unwanted inflammation and induction of autophagy. Having a clear understanding of the ghrelin effect in each system has therapeutic implications. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ghrelin actions as well as its application as a GHSR agonist to treat most common diseases in each system without any paradoxical outcomes on the other systems.
引用
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页数:26
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