Luteolin Antagonizes Angiotensin II-Dependent Proliferation and Collagen Synthesis of Cultured rat Cardiac Fibroblasts

Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe if luteolin could affect the behavior of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) on myocardial fibrosis stimulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) and investigate the mechanism involved. Methods: MTT was used to observe the CFs viability and proliferation which was also detected by an EdU staining kit. Cell migration was determined by the transwell chamber. Western blotting was used to examine the protein expression levels of a smooth muscle actin (alpha -SMA), collagen I and collagen III. The activity of nitric oxide (NO), synthase (NOS), nitrite and cyclic GMP (cGMP) content were measured according to the kits and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. Results: The proliferation, migration and expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I and collagen III in CFs stimulated by Ang II were inhibited by luteolin treatment, and these effects were partly blocked by a combination of treatment with Ang II and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-selective NOS inhibitor, also with 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole -[4,3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a specific inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase. These effects did not include CFs migration, which showed no apparent difference between Ang II single and together with inhibitors. Luteolin increased the synthesis of total NOS and the content of nitrite and cGMP. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that luteolin is capable of inhibiting the behavior of CFs stimulated by Ang II via up-regulation of NO-cGMP signal pathway.