Non-specific, on-probe cleanup methods for MALDI-MS samples

High concentrations of contaminants such as salts and surfactants are often present in biological samples to solubilize or stabilize analytes such as proteins. Unfortunately, the presence of those contaminants often precludes direct analysis by MALDI-MS. Selective adsorption of analytes directly on modified MALDI probes, followed by rinsing to remove contaminants, overcomes this problem. This review focuses on various modifications of MALDI probes to allow the adsorption of proteins and DNA, even in a large excess of salt or surfactant. Interfaces deposited on the MALDI probes to adsorb analytes include films of commercial polymers, thin layers of matrix crystals, self-assembled monolayers, and ultrathin polymer films. Hydrophobic and ionic interactions both effect analyte adsorption on those interfaces, and patterned interfaces allow the concentration and purification of analyte molecules. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.