Transient performance modelling of ultra-thin Sn-based perovskite solar cells based on electrode contact design to improve thermal stability

Although heat dissipation has a significant influence on the performance and reliability of solar cells, there is little research on it. An extended three-dimensional simulation of the thermal behaviour of Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) without a hole transport layer is presented for the first time. The primary purpose of this work is to simulate transient operating conditions based on temperature-dependent heat dissipation efficiency. In this study, a transient model is established by COMSOL software, and the effects of light intensity, ambient temperature, solar radiation, Joule heating, and non-radiation composite sources on Sn-based PSCs were studied by coupling the model with a Multiphysics module. Secondly, the top and back electrodes, which are helpful in reducing the working temperature, are selected to enhance the thermal stability. The maximum operating temperature of the device in the original FTO/Au contact group is 46.8 degrees C after integrating all the thermal sources. In the nine electrode contact groups composed of fluorine tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), Al:ZnO (AZO), Au, Ag, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) electrodes, the thermal structure with FTO as the top electrode and RGO as the back electrode is the better choice, and the heat dissipation effect is the best. This design realized that the maximum operating temperature of the device was significantly reduced to 31.1 degrees C. Compared with the traditional FTO/Au contact combination, the total heat was reduced by 33.6%. More fantastic play to the advantages of Sn-based PSCs photoelectric conversion efficiency. Studies have shown that enhancing the stability of Sn-based PSCs requires accelerating the heat dissipation at the bottom of the PSCs, improving the reliability of the PSCs in normal working temperatures.