Effects of liming and phosphorus application on the structural stability of an acid soil

The objective of this field experiment was to evaluate the effect of liming and phosphorus application on the structural stability of a clayey acid soil with high organic matter content, a typical feature of the southern Brazilian plateau. The study was carried out on a Brown Latosol (Haplohumox), in Lages, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in a split plot arrangement of a completely randomized block design. Treatments consisted of lime application at rates of 0, 4.5, and 9.0 Mg ha(-1) at the beginning of the experiment, combined with mean annual P applications of 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg ha(-1) of P2O5. The clay flocculation degree, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, point of zero salt effect (PZSE), and the chemical soil composition were determined. Clay dispersion increased linearly with the liming rate, and was related to the increase in PZSE and negative surface electric potential. These alterations in the physicochemical attributes of the soil colloids, however, had no influence on the structural stability of the soil, as evidenced by the mean weight diameter of the aggregates. This might be a consequence of the indirect positive effects of liming oil soil aggregation as a consequence of the increased biological soil activity, as well as the beneficial influence of Ca addition. Phosphorus fertilizers did not affect any soil physical attributes. Liming, in spite of increasing clay dispersion, had no detrimental affect on the physical quality of this highly buffered soil.