Cryopreservation of prepubertal mouse testicular tissue by vitrification

Objective: To compare cryopreservation of prepubertal testicular tissue after vitrification (V) and slow-freezing (SF). Design: Prospective experimental study. Setting: Academic research unit. Animal(s): Six-day-old mice. Intervention(s): After cryopreservation, viability tests (n = 10) and short-term culture (1 and 3 days) (n = 5) were performed. A comparison was made with fresh (FR) and noncultured controls (FR Ctrl). Main Outcomes Measure(s): Tissue viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Apoptosis (caspase-3) and proliferation (Ki67) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and tubular diameter, integrity, and cell density by light microscopy. Result(s): Lactate dehydrogenase release was greater after SF than V (54.6% vs. 26.7%), whereas the mean number of apoptotic cells/tubule was higher after V than SF (2.13 vs. 0.07). On day 1, a decrease in cell density was noted in both cryopreserved groups, but this difference was not subsequently observed. On day 3, an increase in proliferation was seen in the SF and V groups versus FR tissue, and similar tubular diameter, integrity, and cell density were found in all cultured groups. Conclusion(s): This study shows that both SF and V protocols preserve survival, development, and integrity of prepubertal mouse testicular tissue in short-term organotypic culture. Additional investigation should now be conducted to assess tissue functionality. (Fertil Steril (R) 2011;95:1229-34. (C) 2011 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.)