The effectiveness of the high-LET radiations from the boron neutron capture [10B(n,α)7Li] reaction determined for induction of chromosome aberrations and apoptosis in lymphocytes of human blood samples

Provided that a selective accumulation of B-10-containing compounds is introduced in tumor cells, following irradiation by thermal neutrons produces high-LET alpha-particles (He-4) and recoiling lithium-7 (Li-7) nuclei emitted during the capture of thermalized neutrons (0.025 eV) from B-10. To estimate the biological effectiveness of this boron neutron capture [B-10(n,alpha)Li-7] reaction, the chromosome aberration assay and the flow cytometry apoptosis assay were applied. At the presence of the clinically used compounds BSH (sodium borocaptate) and BPA (p-boronophenylalanine), human lymphocytes were irradiated by sub-thermal neutrons. For analyzing chromosome aberrations, human lymphocytes were exposed to thermally equivalent neutron fluences of 1.82 x 10(11) cm(-2) or 7.30 x 10(11) cm(-2) (corresponding to thermal neutron doses of 0.062 and 0.248 Gy, respectively) in the presence of 0, 10, 20, and 30 ppm of BSH or BPA. Since the kerma coefficient of blood increased by 0.864 x 10(-12) Gy cm(2) per 10 ppm of B-10, the kerma coefficients in blood increase from 0.34 x 10(-12) cm(2) (blood without BSH or BPA) up to 2.93 x 10(-12) Gy cm(2) in the presence of 30 ppm of B-10. For the B-10(n, alpha)Li-7 reaction, linear dose-response relations for dicentrics with coefficients alpha = 0.0546 +/- A 0.0081 Gy(-1) for BSH and alpha = 0.0654 +/- A 0.0075 Gy(-1) for BPA were obtained at 0.062 Gy as well as alpha = 0.0985 +/- A 0.0284 Gy(-1) for BSH and alpha = 0.1293 +/- A 0.0419 Gy(-1) for BPA at 0.248 Gy. At both doses, the corresponding B-10(n, alpha)Li-7 reactions from BSH and BPA are not significantly different. A linear dose-response relation for dicentrics also was obtained for the induction of apoptosis by the B-10(n, alpha)Li-7 reaction at 0.248 Gy. The linear coefficients alpha = 0.0249 +/- A 0.0119 Gy(-1) for BSH and alpha = 0.0334 +/- A 0.0064 Gy(-1) for BPA are not significantly different. Independently of the applied thermal neutron doses of 0.062 Gy or 0.248 Gy, the B-10(n, alpha)Li-7 reaction from 30 ppm BSH or BPA induced an apparent RBE of about 2.2 for the production of dicentrics as compared to exposure to thermal neutrons alone. Since the apparent RBE value is defined as the product of the RBE of a thermal neutron dose alone times a boron localization factor which depends on the concentration of a B-10-containing compound, this localization factor determines the biological effectiveness of the B-10(n, alpha)Li-7 reaction.