Interactive Sensor Dashboard for Smart Manufacturing

This paper presents a smart sensor dashboard for a digital twin of a smart manufacturing workshop. We described the development of the digital twin followed by three user studies on the visualization and interaction aspects of the smart sensor dashboard. The first two user studies evaluated ocular parameters and users' response for different 2D and 3D graphs rendered on 2D screen and VR headset. The bar chart found to generate most accurate users' response in both 2D and 3D case. The third study recreated the Fitts' Law task in 3D and compared visual and haptic feedback. We found that haptic feedback significantly improved quantitative metrics of interaction than a no-feedback case, whereas multimodal feedback is significantly improved qualitative metrics of the interaction. Results from the study can be utilized to design VR environments with interactive graphs. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.