Association of polymorphisms in metastasis suppressor genes NME1 and KISS1 with breast cancer development and metastasis

Background NME1 and KISS1 genes are two tumor metastasis suppressor genes, mapped to chromosomes 17q21.3 and 1q32 respectively. Here, we analyzed the association of EcoR1 (rs34214448-G/T) polymorphism in NME1 gene and 9 del T (rs5780218-A/-) polymorphism in KISS1 gene with breast cancer development and metastasis. Results The study included 75 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer recruited from Oncology Center at Mansoura University Hospitals and 37 age-matched healthy female volunteers as a control group. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and genotyping of rs34214448 and rs5780218 SNPs was carried out by PCR-RFLP technique. NME1 EcoR1 (rs34214448) polymorphism has a statistically significant association with breast cancer risk (P < 0.001). Most of breast cancer group (55%) had heterozygous (G/T) genotype while most of control group (95%) had homozygous wild (G/G) genotype (P < 0.0005). Also, KISS1 rs5780218 polymorphism has a statistically significant association with breast cancer risk. The wild (A/A) genotype was associated with lower risk of breast cancer (A/- + -/- vs. A/A: OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.15-8.36, P = 0.025). EcoR1 (rs34214448) polymorphism revealed a significant association with tumor stage and distant metastasis as patients. Carriers of the wild (G/G) genotype were more likely to present with advanced disease stages and distant metastasis. Conclusions Both EcoR1 (rs34214448) polymorphism of NME1 gene and rs5780218 polymorphism of KISS1 gene revealed significant association with increased risk of breast cancer development. The (G/G) genotype of EcoR1 polymorphism was associated with higher risk of breast cancer metastasis.