Effects of cranberry components on IL-1β-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF by human TMJ synovial fibroblasts

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) in the TMJ is characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage and secondary inflammatory changes. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) stimulates IL-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in synovial fluid of TMJ with internal derangement and bony changes. The cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) contains polyphenolic compounds that inhibit production of pro-inflammatory molecules by gingival cells in response to several stimulators. This study examined effects of cranberry components on IL-1 beta-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF production by human TMJ synovial fibroblast-like cells. Design: Cranberry high molecular weight non-dialyzable material (NDM) was derived from cranberry juice. Human TMJ synovial fibroblast-like cells from joints with degenerative OA and an ankylosed TMJ without degeneration were incubated with IL-1 beta (0.001-1 nM) +/- NDM (25-250 mu g/ml) (2 h preincubation). Viability was assessed via activity of a mitochondria] enzyme. IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA; NF-kappa B and AP-1 transcription factors were measured in nuclear extracts via binding to specific oligonucleotides. Data analysis: ANOVA and Scheffe's F procedure for post hoc comparisons. Results: NDM did not affect cell viability but inhibited IL-1 beta stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF production in all cell lines (p<0.05). NDM partially reduced nuclear levels of NF-kappa B and AP-1 (p<0.04), depending upon cell line and time of exposure to IL-1 beta+NDM. Conclusion: Cranberry NDM inhibition of IL-1 beta-stimulated IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF production by TMJ synovial fibroblast-like cells suggests that cranberry components may be useful as a host modulatory therapeutic agent to prevent or treat inflammatory arthropathies of the TMJ. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.