Orbital Radius during the Grazing Envelope Evolution

We use the BINARY module of the MESA code to study the evolution of an evolved binary system where we assume that a main-sequence companion removes the outskirts of the envelope of an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star by launching jets, and explore the characteristics of this grazing envelope evolution (GEE). We base our assumption that jets launched by the secondary star remove a substantial fraction of the outskirts of the envelope of an AGB star on earlier hydrodynamical simulations. We find that in many but not all cases we study, the binary system experiences the GEE rather than entering the common envelope phase, under our assumptions of jet-driven mass removal. To prevent the common envelope phase, we assume the secondary star may accrete a large amount of mass in a short time while avoiding rapid inflation, the feasibility of which requires further study. Because of our simplifying assumptions, we cannot yet present the parameter space for the GEE. Although the incorporation of the GEE into population synthesis numerical codes requires further studies of the GEE, we conclude that analyses of population synthesis studies of evolved binary stars should include the GEE.