Soil microbial and physical properties and their relations along a steep copper gradient

被引:37
作者
Arthur, Emmanuel [1 ]
Moldrup, Per [2 ]
Holmstrup, Martin [3 ]
Schjonning, Per [1 ]
Winding, Anne [4 ]
Mayer, Philipp [4 ]
de Jonge, Lis W. [1 ]
机构
[1] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Agroecol, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
[2] Aalborg Univ, Dept Biotechnol Chem & Environm Engn, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
[3] Aarhus Univ, Dept Biosci, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
[4] Aarhus Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
关键词
Soil contamination; Dehydrogenase activity; Clay dispersibility; Air permeability; Compression; Resilience; ORGANIC-MATTER; HEAVY-METALS; DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; AGGREGATE STABILITY; FOLSOMIA-FIMETARIA; DISPERSIBLE CLAY; GAS-PERMEABILITY; TOXICITY; FIELD; RESILIENCE;
D O I
10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.021
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
Copper (Cu) is accumulating in agricultural soils because it is an essential component of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. This could lead to toxic effects on soil macro- and micro-organisms and impact soil structure development. We investigated the effect of historical Cu contamination (>80 years; from background concentrations up to 3837 mg Cu kg(-1)) on soil microbial enzyme activity, physical properties and resilience to compression. Soil samples and cores were taken from a fallow sandy loam field in Denmark. Microbial activity was quantified using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase (DHA) assays. Water dispersible clay was measured on field moist and air dried samples. For the resilience assay, soil cores (drained to -100 hPa) were subjected to uniaxial confined compression (200 kPa) followed by wet-dry or freeze-thaw cycles. Microbial enzyme activity significantly decreased with Cu concentration greater than or similar to 500 mg kg(-1) with the two microbial assays linearly correlated with each other as well as with the water dispersible clay. An effect concentration causing a 50% reduction (EC50) in enzyme activity was observed at 521 mg kg(-1) for FDA and 542 mg kg(-1) for DHA. Significant increases in water dispersible clay, bulk density and decreases in air-filled porosity and air permeability were observed from Cu greater than or similar to 900 mg kg(-1). The increased density of the contaminated soils led to greater compression resistance and resilience relative to the uncontaminated soil. The results suggest that a threshold level for Cu exists (similar to 500 mg kg(-1) for this soil type) beyond which microbial activity decreases and soil structure becomes more compact with reduced permeability to air. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:9 / 18
页数:10
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