Sign-Problem-Free Quantum Monte Carlo Study on Thermodynamic Properties and Magnetic Phase Transitions in Orbital-Active Itinerant Ferromagnets

The microscopic mechanism of itinerant ferromagnetism is a long-standing problem due to the lack of nonperturbative methods to handle strong magnetic fluctuations of itinerant electrons. We nonpertubatively study thermodynamic properties and magnetic phase transitions of a two-dimensional multiorbital Hubbard model exhibiting ferromagnetic ground states. Quantum Monte Carlo simulations are employed, which are proved in a wide density region free of the sign problem usually suffered by simulations for fermions. Both Hund's coupling and electron itinerancy are essential for establishing the ferromagnetic coherence. No local magnetic moments exist in the system as a priori; nevertheless, the spin channel remains incoherent showing the Curie-Weiss-type spin magnetic susceptibility down to very low temperatures at which the charge channel is already coherent, exhibiting a weakly temperature-dependent compressibility. For the SU(2) invariant systems, the spin susceptibility further grows exponentially as approaching zero temperature in two dimensions. In the paramagnetic phase close to the Curie temperature, the momentum space Fermi distributions exhibit strong resemblance to those in the fully polarized state. The long-range ferromagnetic ordering appears when the symmetry is reduced to the Ising class, and the Curie temperature is accurately determined. These simulations provide helpful guidance to searching for novel ferromagnetic materials in both strongly correlated d-orbital transition-metal oxide layers and the p-orbital ultracold atom optical lattice systems.