3-dimensional morphometric analysis of murine bladder development and dysmorphogenesis

Background: Disorders of the urinary tract represent a major cause of morbidity and impaired quality of life. To better understand the morphological events responsible for normal urinary tract development, we performed 3-D reconstructive analysis of developing mouse bladders in control, mgb-/-, and Fgfr2Mes-/- mice. Results: Detrusor smooth muscle differentiation initiated in the bladder dome and progressed caudally with the leading edge extending down the right posterior surface of the bladder. Gender-specific differences in detrusor smooth muscle development were observed during early embryonic development. Bladder trigone morphology transitioned from an isosceles to equilateral triangle during development due to the preferential lengthening of the urethra to ureter distance. The primary defect observed in mgb-/- bladders was a significant reduction in detrusor smooth muscle differentiation throughout development. Deviations from normal trigone morphology correlated best with VUR development in Fgfr2Mes-/- mice, while alterations in intravesicular tunnel length did not. Conclusions: Multivariate morphometric analysis provides a powerful tool to quantify and assess urinary tract development. Developmental Dynamics 241:522533, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.