This paper investigated the roles of industrial organizing levels, economic resource endowments, and natural resource endowments in the development of ecological economic efficiency using data from China during the past decade. Besides an original assessing method for industrial organizing levels was developed, this paper investigated resource usage efficiency and pollution emission efficiency to determine the ecological economic efficiency. And this relationship was defined by the artificial neural network based regression method. In general, China's industrial organizational levels and ecological economic efficiency increased in the past decade, and had a positive relationship between them. However, resource endowments had a negative correlation with the ecological economic efficiency. Moreover, no obvious quantitative relationship was found between the organizational levels and the efficiency of water usage. After a deep discussion, policy suggestions were offered such as enhancing the marketization of waste dealing businesses, more publicity regarding preserving resource-rich regions, and increasing industrial organizing levels. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.