Conventional chemotherapy and perspectives for molecular-based oncological treatment in pediatric hemispheric low-grade gliomas

Introduction Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are the most common primary central nervous system tumor in children. Patients in whom gross total resection can be achieved have an excellent overall (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) and do not require adjuvant therapy. However, children with unresectable tumors often experience multiple progressions and require additional treatment. Radiotherapy results in long-term tumor control, but it is associated with significant toxicity, making chemotherapy the preferred therapeutic option. Several chemotherapy combinations have been found to be successful in PLGG, but 5-year EFS has been below 60 % with most of them. Recent molecular advances have led to a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the biology of LGG, allowing the development of promising tumor-specific, molecularly targeted therapies.