beta-Ga2O3 thin films were prepared by gallium evaporation in oxygen plasma. The crystal orientation of the beta-Ga2O3 films was studied in detail using X-ray diffraction, pole figure measurements and analysis using a crystal model. beta-Ga2O3 films formed on both the (001) c-plane and (110) a-plane of the sapphire substrate were found to be strongly ((2) over tilde 01) oriented. Six crystal types of beta-Ga2O3 are formed, rotated about the [(2) over bar 01] direction. The six directions depend on the arrangement of oxygen on the surface of the sapphire substrate. The direction of [201] of beta-Ga2O3 is vertical to the sapphire {100} planes. The arrangement of oxygen on the (001) c-plane sapphire substrate is equivalent to that formed on the ((2) over bar 01) plane of beta-Ga2O3 due to a small mismatch in the spacing between oxygen atoms. This mismatch explains why beta-Ga2O3 is ((2) over bar 01) oriented on the (001) c-plane sapphire substrate. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Higashiwaki, Masataka
Sasaki, Kohei
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Tamura Co Ltd, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Sasaki, Kohei
Kuramata, Akito
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Kuramata, Akito
Masui, Takekazu
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Koha Co Ltd, Nerima, Tokyo 1760022, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Masui, Takekazu
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Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PRESTO, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Higashiwaki, Masataka
Sasaki, Kohei
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Tamura Co Ltd, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Sasaki, Kohei
Kuramata, Akito
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Tamura Co Ltd, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Kuramata, Akito
Masui, Takekazu
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Koha Co Ltd, Nerima, Tokyo 1760022, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan
Masui, Takekazu
Yamakoshi, Shigenobu
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Tamura Co Ltd, Sayama, Saitama 3501328, JapanNatl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan