The ERA5 global reanalysis

被引：17488

作者：

Hersbach, Hans ^{[1
]}

Bell, Bill ^{[1
]}

Berrisford, Paul ^{[1
]}

Hirahara, Shoji ^{[2
]}

Horanyi, Andras ^{[1
]}

Munoz-Sabater, Joaquin ^{[1
]}

Nicolas, Julien ^{[1
]}

Peubey, Carole ^{[1
]}

Radu, Raluca ^{[1
]}

Schepers, Dinand ^{[1
]}

Simmons, Adrian ^{[1
]}

Soci, Cornel ^{[1
]}

Abdalla, Saleh ^{[1
]}

Abellan, Xavier ^{[1
]}

Balsamo, Gianpaolo ^{[1
]}

Bechtold, Peter ^{[1
]}

Biavati, Gionata ^{[1
]}

Bidlot, Jean ^{[1
]}

Bonavita, Massimo ^{[1
]}

De Chiara, Giovanna ^{[1
]}

Dahlgren, Per ^{[3
]}

Dee, Dick ^{[1
]}

Diamantakis, Michail ^{[1
]}

Dragani, Rossana ^{[1
]}

Flemming, Johannes ^{[1
]}

Forbes, Richard ^{[1
]}

Fuentes, Manuel ^{[1
]}

Geer, Alan ^{[1
]}

Haimberger, Leo ^{[4
]}

Healy, Sean ^{[1
]}

Hogan, Robin J. ^{[1
]}

Holm, Elias ^{[1
]}

Janiskova, Marta ^{[1
]}

Keeley, Sarah ^{[1
]}

Laloyaux, Patrick ^{[1
]}

Lopez, Philippe ^{[1
]}

Lupu, Cristina ^{[1
]}

Radnoti, Gabor ^{[1
]}

de Rosnay, Patricia ^{[1
]}

Rozum, Iryna ^{[1
]}

Vamborg, Freja ^{[1
]}

Villaume, Sebastien ^{[1
]}

Thepaut, Jean-Noel ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England

[2] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan

[3] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway

[4] Univ Wien, Dept Meteorol & Geophys, Vienna, Austria

来源：

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | 2020年 / 146卷 / 730期

关键词：

climate reanalysis; Copernicus Climate Change Service; data assimilation; ERA5; historical observations; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ECMWF MODEL; DATA ASSIMILATION; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; INTERIM REANALYSIS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; BIAS CORRECTION; QUALITY-CONTROL; RADIANCE DATA; CLIMATE;

D O I：

10.1002/qj.3803

中图分类号：

P4 [大气科学（气象学）];

学科分类号：

0706 ; 070601 ;

摘要：

Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing the ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of the global atmosphere, land surface and ocean waves from 1950 onwards. This new reanalysis replaces the ERA-Interim reanalysis (spanning 1979 onwards) which was started in 2006. ERA5 is based on the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) Cy41r2 which was operational in 2016. ERA5 thus benefits from a decade of developments in model physics, core dynamics and data assimilation. In addition to a significantly enhanced horizontal resolution of 31 km, compared to 80 km for ERA-Interim, ERA5 has hourly output throughout, and an uncertainty estimate from an ensemble (3-hourly at half the horizontal resolution). This paper describes the general set-up of ERA5, as well as a basic evaluation of characteristics and performance, with a focus on the dataset from 1979 onwards which is currently publicly available. Re-forecasts from ERA5 analyses show a gain of up to one day in skill with respect to ERA-Interim. Comparison with radiosonde and PILOT data prior to assimilation shows an improved fit for temperature, wind and humidity in the troposphere, but not the stratosphere. A comparison with independent buoy data shows a much improved fit for ocean wave height. The uncertainty estimate reflects the evolution of the observing systems used in ERA5. The enhanced temporal and spatial resolution allows for a detailed evolution of weather systems. For precipitation, global-mean correlation with monthly-mean GPCP data is increased from 67% to 77%. In general, low-frequency variability is found to be well represented and from 10 hPa downwards general patterns of anomalies in temperature match those from the ERA-Interim, MERRA-2 and JRA-55 reanalyses.

引用

页码：1999 / 2049

页数：51

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