Regulation of mite allergen-pulsed murine dendritic cells by respiratory syncytial virus

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the only antigen-presenting cells that determine T-cell differentiation and play an important role in both allergy and viral infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can infect DCs and affect their functions. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between RSV infection and Dermatophagoides farinae allergen (D. farinae) sensitization on the development of allergy at the DC level. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were prepared and treated as: control; D. forinae-pulsed DCs (D. farinae-DCs); ultraviolet-inactivated RSV challenged; RSV-infected, D. farinae-pulsed plus ultraviolet-inactivated RSV-challenged; and D. farinae-pulsed plus RSV-infected. In in vitro experiments, we compared the expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine production between the six groups of DCs. Another group of naive mice were then intranasally inoculated with these DCs, after which intranasal challenge with D. farinae was performed to develop allergic airway inflammation in vivo. In comparison with D. farinae-DCs, D. farinae-pulsed plus RSV-infected DCs showed helper T cell (Th) 1-favored expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine production. Allergic airway inflammation induced by intranasal instillation of D. farinae-DCs was abrogated when infected with RSV, which was associated with a concomitant suppression of Th2 response in the lung. Our results indicated that RSV suppresses D. farinae-DCs to induce Th2 response both in vitro and in vivo through regulation of expression of surface markers and production of immunoregulatory cytokines.