Hypothalamic transforming growth factor β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA expression is modified during the rat oestrous cycle

The present observations show that the mRNA levels of two growth factors, previously described to be involved in the control of neurones synthesizing the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) [i.e. transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF beta1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)], fluctuate in the hypothalamus of adult female rats during the oestrous cycle. In particular, the expression of TGF beta1-mRNA shows a peak on the morning of the day of proestrus, which precedes the increased secretion of the two gonadotrophins that occurs on that day. In the case of bFGF, the peak is evident in the evening of the same day and is concomitant with that of the gonadotrophins. We evaluated the effects of ovariectomy and of exogenous oestrogens on the mRNA levels of these two growth factors in the hypothalamus. The data indicate that 3 weeks of ovariectomy are not able to change the hypothalamic messenger levels of the two growth factors considered, which remain at the levels found in diestrus 1, and that 17 beta -oestradiol is able to induce a significant increase of both TGF beta1- and of bFGF mRNA levels in the hypothalamus of the ovariectomized rat. The present in vivo observations support the concept, previously proposed on the basis of in vitro data, that growth factors, such as TGF beta1 and bFGF, play a role in the hypothalamic control of reproduction, and suggest that the control of LHRH dynamics involves a strict cooperation between gonadal steroids and growth factors.