The Abscopal Effect: A Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Advances

被引：107

作者：

Janopaul-Naylor, James R. ^{[1
]}

Shen, Yang ^{[1
]}

Qian, David C. ^{[1
]}

Buchwald, Zachary S. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA

来源：

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES | 2021年 / 22卷 / 20期

关键词：

abscopal effect; radiotherapy; checkpoint blockade; RADIATION-THERAPY; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; OPEN-LABEL; OLIGOMETASTATIC DISEASE; CALRETICULIN EXPOSURE; CHECKPOINT BLOCKADE; CELL-DEATH; T-CELLS; CANCER; RADIOTHERAPY;

D O I：

10.3390/ijms222011061

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

Radiotherapy has been used for more than a hundred years to cure or locally control tumors. Regression of tumors outside of the irradiated field was occasionally observed and is known as the abscopal effect. However, the occurrence of systemic anti-tumor effects was deemed too rare and unpredictable to be a therapeutic goal. Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy and radiation in combination may enhance the abscopal response. Increasing numbers of cases are being reported since the routine implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors, showing that combined radiotherapy with immunotherapy has a synergistic effect on both local and distant (i.e., unirradiated) tumors. In this review, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical reports, with a specific focus on the mechanisms behind the immunostimulatory effects of radiation and how this is enhanced by immunotherapy.

引用

页数：16

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