Effect of the phytate and hydrogen peroxide chemical modifications on the physicochemical and functional properties of wheat starch

To investigate the characteristics of chemically modified wheat starch, such as oxidized (OWS), cross-linked (CLWS) and dual-modified wheat starches, cross-linked oxidized (COWS) and oxidized cross-linked (OCWS) wheat starches were obtained by 12% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 2% sodium phytate treatments, respectively. After modifications of wheat starch by cross-linking and oxidization, it was determined that native wheat starch was effectively modified with respect to.the structure and physicochemical characteristics, as detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). DSC analysis demonstrated that peak temperature (T-p) 64.41 degrees C of the COWS was the highest. The RVA viscosity indexes of CLWS were noticeably increased compared with the other four starches, of which three oxidized starch samples showed lower RVA profiles because of oxidation. The XRD result indicated that cross-linked phosphates from sodium phytate were primarily located in the amorphous regions of starch granules. After modifications by different treatments, the starch samples exhibited different morphological characteristics, including A-type and B-type wheat starch granules, which showed much closer contact with each other by the cross-linking reaction under SEM observations. The functional characteristics, including solubility, swelling power, light transmittance and freeze thaw stability (FTS), of all five treated and untreated wheat starches demonstrated that COWS had the highest solubility at 0.57 and that CLWS showed the best swelling power at 12.63 (g/g). The paste clarity of COWS was improved to 47.72% higher than that of native starch (7.54%), and the water loss of COWS (21.62%) was the lowest, which is beneficial to the production of quick-frozen food. Our results showed that dual-modified starch by using sodium phytate and hydrogen peroxide had significantly altered structural and functional properties. The present study provides fundamental information of dual-modified wheat starch for its potential industrial application.