Dosage compensation of the sex chromosomes and autosomes

被引：89

作者：

Disteche, Christine M. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA

[2] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA

来源：

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY | 2016年 / 56卷

基金：

美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

Dosage compensation; X chromosome; Aneuploidy; Sex chromosome evolution; Sex differences; X-LINKED GENES; COPY NUMBER VARIATION; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; Y-CHROMOSOMES; UP-REGULATION; MAMMALIAN X; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; MONOALLELIC EXPRESSION; IMPRINTED GENES; BIASED GENES;

D O I：

10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.013

中图分类号：

Q2 [细胞生物学];

学科分类号：

071009 ; 090102 ;

摘要：

Males are XY and females are XX in most mammalian species. Other species such as birds have a different sex chromosome make-up: ZZ in males and ZW in females. In both types of organisms one of the sex chromosomes, Y or W, has degenerated due to lack of recombination with its respective homolog X or Z. Since autosomes are present in two copies in diploid organisms the heterogametic sex has become a natural "aneuploid" with haploinsufficiency for X- or Z-linked genes. Specific mechanisms have evolved to restore a balance between critical gene products throughout the genome and between males and females. Some of these mechanisms were co-opted from and/or added to compensatory processes that alleviate autosomal aneuploidy. Surprisingly, several modes of dosage compensation have evolved. In this review we will consider the evidence for dosage compensation and the molecular mechanisms implicated. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：9 / 18

页数：10

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