Dynamics of Racial Residential Segregation and Gentrification in New York City

被引:5
作者
Operti, Felipe G. [1 ]
Moreira, Andre A. [1 ]
Reis, Saulo D. S. [1 ]
Gabrielli, Andrea [2 ,3 ]
Makse, Hernan A. [4 ,5 ]
Andrade Jr, Jose S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Fis, Campus Pici, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
[2] Univ Roma Tre, Dipartimento Ingn, Rome, Italy
[3] Enrico Fermi Res Ctr CREF, Rome, Italy
[4] CUNY City Coll, Levich Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA
[5] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA
关键词
physics of cities; census; racial residential segregation; gentrification; city clustering algorithm; POPULATION; DISPLACEMENT; INEQUALITY; CITIES; INCOME;
D O I
10.3389/fphy.2021.777761
中图分类号
O4 [物理学];
学科分类号
0702 ;
摘要
Racial residential segregation is interconnected with several other phenomena such as income inequalities, property values inequalities, and racial disparities in health and education. Furthermore, recent literature suggests the phenomenon of gentrification as a cause of perpetuation or increase of racial residential segregation in some American cities. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of racial residential segregation for white, black, Asian, and Hispanic citizens in New York City in 1990, 2000, and 2010. It was possible to observe that segregation between white and Hispanic citizens and between white and Asian ones has grown, while segregation between white and black is relatively stable. Furthermore, we analyzed the per capita income and the Gini coefficient in each segregated zone, showing that the highest inequalities occur in the zones where there is an overlap of high-density zones of pair of races. Focusing on the changing of the density of population across the city during these 20 years, and by analyzing white and black people's segregation, our analysis reveals that a positive flux of white (black) people is associated with a substantial increase (decrease) of the property values, as compared with the city mean. Furthermore, by clustering the region with the higher density of black citizens, we measured the variation of area and displacement of the four most significant clusters from 1990 to 2010. The large displacements ( & AP; 1.6 k m ) observed for two of these clusters, namely, one in the neighborhood of Harlem and the other inside the borough of Brooklyn, led to the emergence of typically gentrified regions.
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页数:11
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