A comparison of the gold-oil portfolio and oil portfolio: A stochastic dominance approach

Using the stochastic dominance (SD) approach, this paper examines whether the gold-oil portfolio return stochastically dominates the oil portfolio return. The SD results show that the gold-oil portfolio stochastically dominates the one without gold at the SSD and TSD orders. We also find that portfolio risk decreases as we add more gold into the oil portfolios. This indicates that risk-averse investors in the oil market should include gold in their portfolios to maximize their expected utilities. The findings of this paper suggest that investors may design appropriate investments with gold to diversify their oil portfolios.