Occupational exposure to organophosphate esters in e-waste dismantling workers: Risk assessment and influencing factors screening

被引:10
作者
Li, Xiaoying [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Wang, Lei [2 ]
Wang, Yu [2 ]
Yao, Yiming [2 ]
Zhang, Peng [4 ]
Zhao, Hongzhi [2 ]
Sun, Hongwen [2 ]
机构
[1] Dalian Maritime Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Dalian, Peoples R China
[2] Nankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Key Lab Pollut Proc & Environm Criteria, Minist Educ, Tianjin, Peoples R China
[3] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Chem & Ecotoxicol, Beijing, Peoples R China
[4] Univ Regina, Inst Energy Environm & Sustainable Communities, Regina, SK, Canada
基金
中国博士后科学基金;
关键词
Occupational exposure; Organophosphate esters; E-waste recycling site; Dismantling manipulation modes; PHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANTS; RECYCLING SITE; URINARY METABOLITES; INDOOR DUST; HEALTH-RISK; PLASTICIZERS; ASSOCIATIONS; SEDIMENTS; WOMEN; PLANT;
D O I
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113707
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are increasingly added in electronic products as alternative flame retardants, which may result in high occupational exposure of electronic waste recycling employees. This study investigated occupational exposure to OPEs in an e-waste recycling site in northern China, with intent to explore the impacts of occupational exposure and dismantling manipulation mode. Human urine samples from three sites with different distances from the core dismantling area, including employees from family workshops and plants with centralized management and residents from nearby areas, were collected and analyzed for OPEs' metabolites (mOPEs). The urinary Sigma mOPEs' median concentrations (0.910 ng/mL) of all employees were significantly higher than those of residents in Ziya Town (0.526 ng/mL) and Jinghai downtown (0.600 ng/mL), suggesting the risk of occupational OPEs' exposure associated with e-waste dismantling. However, the spatial variation was insignificant for residents with different distances from the e-waste recycling site. Besides, OPEs' exposure levels were significantly affected by manipulation modes and the urinary Sigma mOPEs' median concentrations in the employees of family workshops (1.05 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in plants with centralized management (0.667 ng/mL). The result suggests that mechanical dismantling and active ventilating measures can reduce the OPEs' occupational exposure risk. Moreover, Sigma mOPEs were higher in volunteers with age above 50 years old and in the underweight subgroup. Finally, different categories of mOPEs in human urine showed associations with corresponding OPEs in dust samples in the same area.
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页数:7
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