Epithelial Sodium Channel δ Subunit Is Expressed in Human Arteries and Has Potential Association With Hypertension

Background: Elevated expression and increased activity of vascular epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) can result in vascular dysfunction in small animal models. However, there is limited or no knowledge on expression and function of ENaC channels in human vasculature. Hence, this study explored the expression and function of ENaC in human arteries and their association with hypertension. Methods: Human internal mammary artery (IMA) and aorta were obtained from cardiovascular patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Expression of the ENaC subunit was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. ENaC function was observed by patch-clamp electrophysiology in endothelial cells isolated from IMA. Levels of ENaC subunit expression levels were compared between arteries from normotensive, uncontrolled hypertensive, and controlled hypertensive patients. Results: For the first time, expression of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta was detected at mRNA and protein levels in human IMA and aorta. Single-channel patch-clamp recordings identified both alpha beta gamma- and delta beta gamma-like channel conductance in primary endothelial cells isolated and cultured from IMA. Reduced expression of the delta subunit was observed in controlled hypertensive IMA, whereas reduced expression of gamma-ENaC was observed in controlled hypertensive aorta. Conclusions: These data suggest that functional ENaC channels are expressed in human arteries and their expression levels are associated with hypertension.