Racial and Social Disparities in Health and Health Care Delivery among Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders in a Multiracial Clinical Setting

There are racial and socioeconomic disparities in the care of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Bellevue Hospital Center (BHC) in New York City is the oldest public hospital in the United States providing care to a multiracial, socioeconomically diverse and medically underserved population. We investigated racial and social disparities in providing care to patients with PD and related disorders at BHC compared to a NYU Langone Health, a Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence. Retrospective chart review of patients with diagnosis of PD or PD-related disorders evaluated at BHC or at NYU outpatient clinics from January 2012 to August 2017. 100 patients were enrolled from each site: BHC (55% men); NYU (49% men). The majority of patients at NYU were White (77%), compared to 14% at BHC; Hispanic patients comprised the majority at BHC (56%) (p < 0.001). BHC patients had more clinic visits per year compared to the NYU cohort (2.88 vs. 2.40, p = 0.001). BHC patients were less likely to self-report exercise (p = 0.047) or participation in physical therapy (p = 0.015). There were no clinically significant differences in diagnosis type, time to diagnosis, average Hoehn & Yahr or levodopa equivalent dose. Compared to a Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, PD patients in a public hospital system are more racially diverse, are less likely to be insured, have higher rates of care utilization and are less likely to access necessary interventions such as physical therapy and exercise.